List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 12th Congress by seniority

This is a list of members of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 12th United States Congress by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office.

As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 12th Congress (March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813). Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members.

This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the 112th Congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 12th Congress.^[1]

Contents 1 House seniority 2 Leadership 3 Standing Committees 4 List of Representatives by seniority 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

House seniority

Seniority in the House, for Congressmen with unbroken service, depends on the date on which the members first term began. That date is either the start of the Congress (4th March in odd numbered years, for the era up to and including the 73rd Congress starting in 1933) or the date of a special election during the Congress. Since many members start serving on the same day as others, ranking between them is based on alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.

Congressmen, in early Congresses, were often elected after the legal start of the Congress. Such representatives are attributed with unbroken seniority, from the legal start of the congressional term, if they were the first person elected to a seat in a Congress. The date of the election is indicated in a note.

The seniority date is normally taken from the members entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, except where the date given is the legal start of the Congress and the actual election (for someone who was not the first person elected to the seat in that Congress) was later. The date of election is taken from United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997. In a few instances the latter work provides dates, for the start and end of terms, which correct those in the Biographical Directory.

The Biographical Directory normally uses the date of a special election, as the seniority date. However, mostly in early Congresses, the date of the member taking his seat can be the one given. The date of the special election is mentioned in a note to the list below, when that date is not used as the seniority date by the Biographical Directory.

Representatives who returned to the House, after having previously served, are credited with service equal to one less than the total number of terms they served. When a representative has served a prior term of less than two terms (i.e. prior term minus one equals less than one), he is ranked above all others whose service begins on the same day.

Leadership

In this Congress the only formal leader was the Speaker of the House. A Speakership ballot was held on November 4, 1811 and Henry Clay (DR-KY) was elected. ^[2]

The title Dean of the House (sometimes known, in the nineteenth century, as Father of the House) was held by the member with the longest continuous service. It was not a leadership position.

Standing Committees

The House created its first standing committee, on April 13, 1789. There were nine standing committees, listed in the rules initially used by the 12th Congress.

Committees, in this period, were appointed for a session at a time by the Speaker.

This list refers to the standing committees of the House in the 12th Congress, the year of establishment as a standing committee, the number of members assigned to the committee and the dates of appointment in each session, the end of the session and its chairman. Chairmen, who were re-appointed after serving in the previous Congress, are indicated by an *. ^[3]

The first session was November 4, 1811-July 6, 1812 (245 days) and the second session was November 2, 1812-March 3, 1813 (122 days).

No.	Committee	From	Mbrs	Appointed	Chairman
01	Accounts	1805	3	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	Charles Turner, Jr. (DR-MA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
02	Claims	1794	7	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	Burwell Bassett (DR-VA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813	Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR-VA)
03	Commerce and Manufactures	1795	7	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	*Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR-VA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
04	District of Columbia	1808	7	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F-VA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
05	Elections	1789	7	November 7, 1811-July 6, 1812	*William Findley (DR-PA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
06	Post Office and Post Roads	1808	17	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	*John Rhea (DR-TN)
			7	November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
07	Public Lands	1805	7	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	*Jeremiah Morrow (DR-OH)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813
08	Revisal and Unfinished Business	1795	3	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	Adam Seybert (DR-PA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813	Burwell Bassett (DR-VA)
09	Ways and Means	1802	7	November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812	Ezekiel Bacon (DR-MA)
				November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813	Langdon Cheves (DR-SC)

List of Representatives by seniority

A numerical rank is assigned to each of the 142 members initially elected to the 12th Congress. Other members, who were not the first person elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Congress, are not assigned a number (with the exception of the first member from the newly admitted state of Louisiana, who is numbered 143).

Four Representatives-elect were not sworn in, as they resigned. The list below includes the Representatives-elect (with name in italics), with the seniority they would have held if sworn in.

Party designations used in this article are DR for Democratic-Republican members and F for Federalist representatives. Designations used for service in the first three congresses are (A) for Anti-Administration members and (P) for Pro-Administration representatives.

Rank	Representative	Party	District	Seniority date	Notes
Eleven consecutive terms
001	Nathaniel Macon	DR	NC-6	01791-03-04 March 4, 1791	(A) 1791-95. Dean of the House.
Nine consecutive terms
002	Joseph B. Varnum	DR	MA-4	01795-03-04 March 4, 1795	Resigned, as Representative-elect, to become US Senator: June 29, 1811 [4]
Nine non-consecutive terms
003	William Findley	DR	PA-8	01803-03-04 March 4, 1803	Previously served (A) 1791-95 and (DR) 1795-99. Chairman: Elections.
Eight consecutive terms
004	Matthew Clay	DR	VA-14	01797-03-04 March 4, 1797	Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term until 14th Congress.
005	John Dawson	DR	VA-10		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
006	Richard Stanford	DR	NC-8
007	Robert Brown	DR	PA-2	01798-12-04 December 4, 1798
Eight non-consecutive terms
008	John Clopton	DR	VA-22	01801-03-04 March 4, 1801	Previously served (DR) 1795-99. Elected to this Congress: April 1811.
009	John Smilie	DR	PA-9	01799-03-04 March 4, 1799	Previously served (A) 1793-95. Died December 30, 1812.
010	Richard Winn	DR	SC-5	01803-01-24 January 24, 1803	Previouly served (A) 1793-95 and (DR) 1795-97. Last term.
Seven consecutive terms
011	Willis Alston	DR	NC-2	01799-03-04 March 4, 1799
012	John Davenport	F	CT-al
013	Edwin Gray	DR	VA-19		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term.
014	John Randolph	DR	VA-15		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term until 14th Congress.
Seven non-consecutive terms
015	David Bard	DR	PA-4	01803-03-04 March 4, 1803	Previously served (DR) 1795-99
016	Anthony New	DR	KY-1	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (A-VA) 1793-95 and (DR-VA) 1795-1805. Last term until 15th Congress.
Six consecutive terms
017	William Butler	DR	SC-2	01801-03-04 March 4, 1801	Last term
018	Thomas Moore	DR	SC-7		Last term until 14th Congress
019	Thomas Newton, Jr.	DR	VA-20		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Commerce and Manufactures.
020	John Smith	DR	VA-3		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
021	Richard Cutts	DR	MA-14	01801-06-22 June 22, 1801	Last term
022	Benjamin Tallmadge	F	CT-al	01801-09-21 September 21, 1801
Six non-consecutive terms
023	Thomas Blount	DR	NC-3	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (A) 1793-95; (DR) 1795-99 and 1805-09. Died February 7, 1812.
Five consecutive terms
024	Martin Chittenden	F	VT-4	01803-03-04 March 4, 1803	Last term
025	Peterson Goodwyn	DR	VA-18		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
026	Joseph Lewis, Jr.	F	VA-7		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: District of Columbia.
027	Jeremiah Morrow	DR	OH-al		Chairman: Public Lands. Last term until 26th Congress.
028	John Rhea	DR	TN-al		Elected to this Congress: August 1-2, 1811. Washington District. Chairman: Post Office and Post Roads.
029	Ebenezer Seaver	DR	MA-13		Last term
030	Samuel Taggart	F	MA-6
Four consecutive terms
031	Burwell Bassett	DR	VA-12	01805-03-04 March 4, 1805	Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Claims (1811–12). Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1812–13). Last term until 14th Congress.
032	William Ely	F	MA-5
033	Charles Goldsborough	F	MD-8
034	Jonathan O. Moseley	F	CT-al
035	Josiah Quincy	F	MA-1		Last term
036	Timothy Pitkin	F	CT-al	01805-09-16 September 16, 1805
037	Lewis B. Sturges	F	CT-al
038	Robert Whitehill	DR	PA-4	01805-11-07 November 7, 1805
039	William A. Burwell	DR	VA-13	01806-12-01 December 1, 1806	Elected to this Congress: April 1811
040	William W. Bibb	DR	GA-al	01807-01-26 January 26, 1807
Four non-consecutive terms
041	William Blackledge	DR	NC-4	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (DR) 1803-09. Last term.
042	Thomas Sammons	DR	NY-9	01809-03-04 March 4, 1809	Previously served (DR) 1803-07. Last term.
043	Adam Boyd	DR	NJ-al	01808-03-08 March 8, 1808	Previously served (DR) 1803-05. Last term.
044	Samuel L. Mitchill	DR	NY-2	01810-12-04 December 4, 1810	Previously served (DR) 1801-November 22, 1804. Last term.
Three consecutive terms
045	Epaphroditus Champion	F	CT-al	01807-03-04 March 4, 1807
046	Howell Cobb	DR	GA-al		Resigned August 1812
047	Joseph Desha	DR	KY-6
048	Meshack Franklin	DR	NC-12
049	Richard M. Johnson	DR	KY-4
050	Philip B. Key	F	MD-3		Last term
051	John Montgomery	DR	MD-6		Resigned, as Representative-elect: April 29, 1811 [5]
052	Thomas Newbold	DR	NJ-al		Last term
053	Lemuel Sawyer	DR	NC-1		Last term until 15th Congress
054	George M. Troup	DR	GA-al
055	Ezekiel Bacon	DR	MA-12	01807-09-16 September 16, 1807	Chairman: Ways and Means (1811–12). Last term.
056	Samuel Shaw	DR	VT-1	01808-09-06 September 6, 1808	Last term
057	Thomas Gholson, Jr.	DR	VA-17	01808-11-07 November 7, 1808	Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Claims (1812–13).
058	Richard Jackson, Jr.	F	RI-al	01808-11-11 November 11, 1808
Three non-consecutive terms
059	James Fisk	DR	VT-3	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (DR) 1805-09
060	Isaiah L. Green	DR	MA-8		Previously served (DR) 1805-09. Last term.
061	Uri Tracy	DR	NY-13	01809-03-04 March 4, 1809	Previously served (DR) 1805-07. Last term.
062	David R. Williams	DR	SC-3	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (DR) 1805-09. Last term.
063	Elisha R. Potter	F	RI-al	01809-03-04 March 4, 1809	Previously served (F) November 15, 1796-97
Two consecutive terms
064	William Anderson	DR	PA-1	01809-03-04 March 4, 1809
065	James Breckinridge	F	VA-5		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
066	John Brown	DR	MD-7		Resigned, as Representative-elect: 1810 [6]
067	James Cochran	DR	NC-9		Last term
068	William Crawford	DR	PA-1
069	James Emott	F	NY-4		Last term
070	Barzillai Gannett	DR	MA-17		Resigned, as Representative-elect: July 29, 1811 [7]
071	Thomas R. Gold	F	NY-11		Last term until 14th Congress
072	Jacob Hufty	DR	NJ-al
073	Robert L. Livingston	F	NY-6		Resigned May 6, 1812
074	Aaron Lyle	DR	PA-10
075	Archibald McBryde	F	NC-7		Last term
076	Samuel McKee	DR	KY-2
077	Alexander McKim	DR	MD-5
078	Joseph Pearson	F	NC-10
079	Peter B. Porter	DR	NY-15		Last term until 14th Congress
080	John Roane	DR	VA-11		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
081	Ebenezer Sage	DR	NY-1
082	Daniel Sheffey	F	VA-6		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
083	George Smith	DR	PA-5		Last term
084	Laban Wheaton	F	MA-9
085	Charles Turner, Jr.	DR	MA-7	01809-06-28 June 28, 1809	Chairman: Accounts. Last term.
086	Adam Seybert	DR	PA-1	01809-10-10 October 10, 1809	Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1811–12)
087	Abijah Bigelow	F	MA-11	01810-10-08 October 8, 1810
088	Samuel Ringgold	DR	MD-4	01810-10-15 October 15, 1810
...	Robert Wright	DR	MD-7	01810-11-29 November 29, 1810	Special election to 11th and 12th Congresses: November 15, 1810
089	Langdon Cheves	DR	SC-1	01810-12-31 December 31, 1810	Chairman: Ways and Means (1812–13)
Two non-consecutive terms
090	John Sevier	DR	TN-al	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811	Previously served (NC-P) June 16, 1790-91. Elected to this Congress: August 1-2, 1811. Hamilton District.
091	Elias Earle	DR	SC-6		Previously served September 27, 1806-07
One term
092	Daniel Avery	DR	NY-14	01811-03-04 March 4, 1811
093	John Baker	F	VA-2		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Only term.
094	Josiah Bartlett, Jr.	DR	NH-al		Only term
095	Harmanus Bleecker	F	NY-7
096	Elijah Brigham	F	MA-10
097	John C. Calhoun	DR	SC-6
098	Henry Clay	DR	KY-5		Speaker of the House
099	Lewis Condict	DR	NJ-al
100	Thomas B. Cooke	DR	NY-5		Only term
101	Roger Davis	DR	PA-3
102	Samuel Dinsmoor	DR	NH-al		Only term
103	Asa Fitch	F	NY-6
104	Felix Grundy	DR	TN-al		Elected to this Congress: August 1-2, 1811. Mero District.
105	Bolling Hall	DR	GA-al
106	Obed Hall	DR	NH-al		Only term
107	John A. Harper	DR	NH-al
108	Aylett Hawes	DR	VA-9		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
109	John P. Hungerford	DR	VA-8		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Unseated, after election contest: November 29, 1811. Only term until 13th Congress.
110	John M. Hyneman	DR	PA-3
111	Joseph Kent	DR	MD-2
112	William R. King	DR	NC-5
113	Abner Lacock	DR	PA-11		Only term (elected to but did not serve in 13th Congress)
114	Lyman Law	F	CT-al
115	Joseph Lefever	DR	PA-3		Only term
116	Peter Little	DR	MD-5		Only term until 14th Congress
117	William Lowndes	DR	SC-4
118	George C. Maxwell	DR	NJ-al		Only term
119	William McCoy	DR	VA-4		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
120	Arunah Metcalf	DR	NY-12		Only term
121	James Milnor	F	PA-1
122	James Morgan	DR	NJ-al
123	Hugh Nelson	DR	VA-4		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
124	Stephen Ormsby	DR	KY-6		Only term until 13th Congress
125	William Paulding, Jr.	DR	NY-2		Only term
126	Israel Pickens	DR	NC-11
127	William Piper	DR	PA-7
128	James Pleasants	DR	VA-16		Elected to this Congress: April 1811
129	Benjamin Pond	DR	NY-8		Only term. Elected to but did not serve in 14th Congress.
130	William Reed	F	MA-2
131	Henry M. Ridgely	F	DE-al
132	Jonathan Roberts	DR	PA-2
133	William Rodman	DR	PA-2		Only term
134	Silas Stow	DR	NY-10
135	William Strong	DR	VT-2
136	Philip Stuart	F	MD-1
137	George Sullivan	F	NH-al		Only term
138	Peleg Tallman	DR	MA-16
139	Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr.	DR	NY-3
140	Leonard White	F	MA-3
141	William Widgery	DR	MA-15		Elected to this Congress: April 1, 1811. Only term.
142	Thomas Wilson	F	VA-6		Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Only term.
Members joining the House, after the start of the Congress [8]
...	Stevenson Archer	DR	MD-6	01811-10-26 October 26, 1811	Special election: October 2, 1811
...	William M. Richardson	DR	MA-4	01811-11-04 November 4, 1811	Special election
...	John Taliaferro	DR	VA-8	01811-12-02 December 2, 1811	Seated after election contest. Previously served (DR) 1801-03. Last term until 18th Congress. [9]
...	Francis Carr	DR	MA-17	01812-04-06 April 6, 1812	Special election. Only term.
143	Thomas B. Robertson	DR	LA-al	01812-04-30 April 30, 1812	First Representative from new state
...	William Barnett	DR	GA-al	01812-10-05 October 5, 1812	Special election
...	Thomas P. Grosvenor	F	NY-6	01813-01-29 January 29, 1813	Special election: December 15-17, 1812
...	William Kennedy	DR	NC-3	01813-01-30 January 30, 1813	Previously served (DR) 1803-05. Special election: January 11, 1813.
Non voting members
a	George Poindexter	-	MS-al	01807-03-04 March 4, 1807	Delegate from Mississippi Territory. Last term until Representative in 15th Congress.
b	Jonathan Jennings	-	IN-al	01809-11-27 November 27, 1809	Delegate from Indiana Territory
c	Edward Hempstead	-	MO-al	01812-11-09 November 9, 1812	Delegate from Missouri Territory
d	Shadrack Bond	-	IL-al	01812-12-03 December 3, 1812	Delegate from Illinois Territory

References

• United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, by Michael J. Dubin (McFarland and Company 1998) ISBN 0-7864-0283-0

See also

• United States House of Representatives elections, 1812
• 12th United States Congress
• List of United States Senators in the 12th Congress by seniority

External links

• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

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